Changes for page KerberosAndLDAP

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1		-{{toc/}}
2		-
3	3	= Debian =
4	4
5		-The guide I followed was https://wiki.debian.org/LDAP/OpenLDAPSetup#Kerberos which while it worked required some minor tweaks. I obtained edit privileges for the Debian Wiki and updated the guide with the fixes that I found. I however have a Synology NAS and that can run an LDAP Server. So this guide differs from the upstream Debian Guide.
	3	+The guide I followed was [[https:~~/~~/wiki.debian.org/LDAP/OpenLDAPSetup#Kerberos>>https://wiki.debian.org/LDAP/OpenLDAPSetup#Kerberos]] which while it worked required some minor tweaks. I obtained edit privileges for the Debian Wiki and updated the guide with the fixes that I found. I however have a Synology NAS and that can run an LDAP Server. So this guide differs a little from the upstream Debian Guide.
6	6
7		-Assumption is that you have installed the LDAP Server package on your NAS and gone through initial configuration steps, so it has a domain, there is a DN you can bind as and so forth. It is also assumed you have a Debian system (12.5 or later, though this guide should work with 11.x and likely 10.x as well) that will become your KDC and KAdmin server.
8	8
9		-Recommendation is that you create actual ##.ldif## files rather than use here-documents as used in this guide. It is far easier to make adjustments to things if you have a file to edit rather than having to type it all out again or paste it and then have to try and make edits to it without making mistakes.
	6	+First, install the packages containing the LDAP-enabled Kerberos servers ([[krb5-kdc-ldap>>url:https://packages.debian.org/krb5-kdc-ldap]] and [[krb5-admin-server>>url:https://packages.debian.org/krb5-admin-server]]) and the [[schema2ldif>>url:https://packages.debian.org/schema2ldif]] tool:
10	10
11		-**The guide is for illustration. Expectation is that you do not follow it verbatim but adapt it to your needs.**
	8	+##{{{$ sudo apt install krb5-kdc-ldap krb5-admin-server schema2ldif}}}##
12	12
13	13
14		-===== Install packages: =====
	11	+Then load the ##kerberos## schema:
15	15
16		-(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
17		-The packages you need are [[krb5-kdc-ldap>>url:https://packages.debian.org/krb5-kdc-ldap]], [[krb5-admin-server>>url:https://packages.debian.org/krb5-admin-server]] for the actual KDC and [[schema2ldif>>url:https://packages.debian.org/schema2ldif]]  plus [[slapd>>https://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=slapd]] for adding the schema and ##slappasswd##. They are to be installed on your designated Debian host.
	13	+##{{{$ zcat /usr/share/doc/krb5-kdc-ldap/kerberos.openldap.ldif.gz | ldapadd -H ldap:~/~/nas.fqdn/ -D uid=root,cn=users,dc=example,dc=com}}}##
18	18
19		-(% style="color:#400" %)
20		-##{{{$ sudo apt install krb5-kdc-ldap krb5-admin-server schema2ldif}}}##
	15	+##{{{Password:}}}##
21	21
	17	+##{{{adding new entry "cn=kerberos,cn=schema,cn=config"}}}##
22	22
23		-===== Load ##kerberos LDAP## schema: =====
	19	+##{{{$}}}##
24	24
25		-Now you need to load the kerberos schema into the LDAP server on the Synology.
26	26
27		-(% style="color:#400" %)
28		-##{{{$ zcat /usr/share/doc/krb5-kdc-ldap/kerberos.openldap.ldif.gz | ldapadd -H ldap://nas.example.com/ -D uid=root,cn=users,dc=example,dc=com -W}}}##
29		-##{{{Enter LDAP Password:}}}##
30		-##{{{adding new entry "cn=kerberos,cn=schema,cn=config"}}}##
31		-##{{{$}}}##
	22	+Having an index on the ##krbPrincipalName## improves performance and also suppresses some log messages if ##slapd## is configured to log more than default for the database(s) where you intend to store Kerberos data. As this is OpenLDAP on the Synology, it does not use mdb format, it uses bdb:
32	32
	24	+##{{{$ sudo ldapmodify -H ldap://nas.fqhn <<EOF
	25	+dn: olcDatabase={1}bdb,cn=config
	26	+add: olcDbIndex
	27	+olcDbIndex: krbPrincipalName eq,pres,sub
	28	+EOF
	29	+Password:
33	33
34		-===== Create Index on krbPrincipalName: =====
	31	+modifying entry "olcDatabase={1}bdb,cn=config"
	32	+$
	33	+}}}##
35	35
36		-Having an index on the ##krbPrincipalName## improves performance and also suppresses some log messages if ##slapd## is configured to log more than default for the database(s) where you intend to store Kerberos data. As this is OpenLDAP on the Synology, it does not use ##mdb## format, it uses ##bdb##. If you install ##slapd## on Debian, it uses ##mdb## format. It is different database format, but the principle is the same.
37	37
38		-(% style="color:#400" %)
39		-##{{{$ ldapmodify -H ldap://nas.example.com/ -D uid=root,cn=users,dc=example,dc=com -W <<EOF}}}##
40		-##{{{dn: olcDatabase={1}bdb,cn=config}}}##
41		-##{{{add: olcDbIndex}}}##
42		-##{{{olcDbIndex: krbPrincipalName eq,pres,sub}}}##
43		-##{{{EOF}}}##
44		-##{{{Enter LDAP Password:}}}##
45		-##{{{modifying entry "olcDatabase={1}bdb,cn=config"}}}##
46		-##{{{$}}}##
47	47
	37	+Next, you need to create and configure two entries which will be used by the Kerberos servers to connect to OpenLDAP. If you are running Kerberos and OpenLDAP on the same system, these steps are optional, but recommended. In order to keep things nicely separated, everything will be created under a separate ##organizationalUnit##. Note that a simple bind (##-x -D##) is used instead of an ##EXTERNAL## bind since write access to the dc=example,dc=com DIT is necessary:
48	48
49		-===== Create principals kadmin and kdc: =====
50	50
51		-Next, you create and configure two entries which will be used by the Kerberos servers to connect to OpenLDAP. As you will not run the Kerberos KDC and Admin Server on the same host as OpenLDAP, these steps are required. In order to keep things nicely separated, everything will be created under a separate ##organizationalUnit##. I diverge from the official Debian guide here as I do not agree with the DN they use. I also had to make changes to the DNs of ##kdc## and ##kadmin## due to ##pwdPolicy## applied by Synology to their LDAP server. The official guide will have you use placeholder passwords and that does not work with the Synology LDAP server. You need to generate them upfront with ##slappasswd##.
	40	+{{{# ldapadd -x -D cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com -W <<EOF
	41	+dn: ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com
	42	+objectClass: organizationalUnit
	43	+objectClass: top
	44	+ou: Services
52	52
53		-(% style="color:#400" %)
54		-##{{{$ ldapadd -H ldap://nas.example.com/ -D uid=root,cn=users,dc=example,dc=com -W <<EOF}}}##
55		-##{{{dn: ou=kerberos,dc=example,dc=com}}}##
56		-##{{{objectClass: organizationalUnit}}}##
57		-##{{{objectClass: top}}}##
58		-##{{{ou: kerberos}}}##
59		-## ##
60		-##{{{dn: uid=kdc,ou=kerberos,dc=example,dc=com}}}##
61		-##{{{uid: kdc}}}##
62		-##{{{objectClass: account}}}##
63		-##{{{objectClass: simpleSecurityObject}}}##
64		-##{{{userPassword: {CRYPT}x}}}##
65		-##{{{description: Kerberos KDC Account}}}##
66		-## ##
67		-##{{{dn: uid=kadmin,ou=kerberos,dc=example,dc=com}}}##
68		-##{{{uid: kadmin}}}##
69		-##{{{objectClass: account}}}##
70		-##{{{objectClass: simpleSecurityObject}}}##
71		-##{{{userPassword: {CRYPT}x}}}##
72		-##{{{description: Kerberos Admin Server Account}}}##
73		-##{{{EOF}}}##
74		-##{{{Enter LDAP Password:}}}##
75		-## ##
76		-##{{{adding new entry "ou=kerberos,dc=example,dc=com"}}}##
77		-## ##
78		-##{{{adding new entry "uid=kdc,ou=kerberos,dc=example,dc=com"}}}##
79		-## ##
80		-##{{{adding new entry "uid=kadmin,ou=kerberos,dc=example,dc=com"}}}##
	46	+dn: ou=kerberos,ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com
	47	+objectClass: organizationalUnit
	48	+objectClass: top
	49	+ou: kerberos
81	81
	51	+dn: uid=kdc,ou=kerberos,ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com
	52	+uid: kdc
	53	+objectClass: account
	54	+objectClass: simpleSecurityObject
	55	+userPassword: {CRYPT}x
	56	+description: Kerberos KDC Account
82	82
83		-Now, it was at this point that I had a problem, because the LDAP server on the Synology did not like adding users with placeholder passwords, because Synology puts in place password policies. I ended up working around it using a different construct:
	58	+dn: uid=kadmin,ou=kerberos,ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com
	59	+uid: kadmin
	60	+objectClass: account
	61	+objectClass: simpleSecurityObject
	62	+userPassword: {CRYPT}x
	63	+description: Kerberos Admin Server Account
	64	+EOF
	65	+Enter LDAP Password: SECRET
84	84
85		-(% style="color:#400" %)
86		-##{{{dn: cn=kadmin,ou=kerberos,ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com}}}##
87		-##{{{sn: kadmin}}}##
88		-##{{{cn: kadmin}}}##
89		-##{{{objectClass: person}}}##
90		-##{{{objectClass: pwdPolicy}}}##
91		-##{{{pwdAttribute: userPassword}}}##
92		-##{{{pwdMinLength: 8}}}##
93		-##{{{pwdCheckQuality: 2}}}##
94		-##{{{pwdPolicySubentry: cn=kadmin,ou=kerberos,ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com}}}##
95		-##{{{userPassword: {SSHA}<hashed password>}}}##
96		-##{{{description: Kerberos Admin Server Account}}}##
	67	+adding new entry "ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com"
97	97
98		-and that seems to have worked out fine as my KDC is fully functioning.
	69	+adding new entry "ou=kerberos,ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com"
99	99
100		-It required modifying the rest of the guide with the fact that it no longer was ##uid=kadmin## and ##uid=kdc##, but rather ##cn=kadmin## and ##cn=kdc##. The most important thing is that it works. As an aside, I am not sure it is required to have two nested Organisation Units, ##Services## and ##kerberos## - so I will likely re-deploy and get rid of the ##Services## Organisational Unit altogether. It shortens the DN's used for binds to LDAP and limits the risk for typos. I also find it highly unlikely that deploying this in a real organisation that there would be an existing Organisational Unit called '##kerberos##' while the risk for there being an existing department called '##Services##' is much more likely.
	71	+adding new entry "uid=kdc,ou=kerberos,ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com"
101	101
102		-A note on the above workaround. In order to add a password policy on ##kadmin## and ##kdc## in LDAP, they have to have an attribute that is "physical". And when adding that object class the entries could no longer be a ##uid##. Hence the ##sn## and ##cn## parts. I spent a fair time looking things up as whenever I thought I made progress, something else turned out to be a blocker. When you create the ##{SSHA}## password hash, use ##slappasswd## from the ##slapd## package.
	73	+adding new entry "uid=kadmin,ou=kerberos,ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com"}}}
	74	+
	75	+
	76	+