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1		-{{box cssClass="floatinginfobox" title="**Contents**"}}
2		-{{toc/}}
3		-{{/box}}
4		-
5	5	= Debian =
6	6
7		-The guide I followed was https://wiki.debian.org/LDAP/OpenLDAPSetup#Kerberos which while it worked required some minor tweaks. I obtained edit privileges for the Debian Wiki and updated the guide with the fixes that I found. I however have a Synology NAS and that can run an LDAP Server. So this guide differs from the upstream Debian Guide.
	3	+The guide I followed was [[https:~~/~~/wiki.debian.org/LDAP/OpenLDAPSetup#Kerberos>>https://wiki.debian.org/LDAP/OpenLDAPSetup#Kerberos]] which while it worked required some minor tweaks. I obtained edit privileges for the Debian Wiki and updated the guide with the fixes that I found. I however have a Synology NAS and that can run an LDAP Server. So this guide differs a little from the upstream Debian Guide.
8	8
9		-Assumption is that you have installed the LDAP Server package on your NAS and gone through initial configuration steps, so it has a domain, there is a DN you can bind as and so forth. It is also assumed you have a Debian system (12.5 or later, though this guide should work with 11.x and likely 10.x as well) that will become your KDC and KAdmin server.
	5	+First, install the packages containing the LDAP-enabled Kerberos servers ([[krb5-kdc-ldap>>url:https://packages.debian.org/krb5-kdc-ldap]] and [[krb5-admin-server>>url:https://packages.debian.org/krb5-admin-server]]) and the [[schema2ldif>>url:https://packages.debian.org/schema2ldif]] tool:
10	10
11		-Recommendation is that you create actual ##.ldif## files rather than use here-documents as used in this guide. It is far easier to make adjustments to things if you have a file to edit rather than having to type it all out again or paste it and then have to try and make edits to it without making mistakes.
	7	+{{{ $ sudo apt install krb5-kdc-ldap krb5-admin-server schema2ldif }}}
12	12
13		-**The guide is for illustration. Expectation is that you do not follow it verbatim but adapt it to your needs.**
14	14
	10	+Then load the ##kerberos## schema:
15	15
16		-=== Install packages: ===
	12	+{{{$ zcat /usr/share/doc/krb5-kdc-ldap/kerberos.openldap.ldif.gz | ldapadd -H ldap:~/~/nas.fqdn/ -D uid=root,cn=users,dc=example,dc=com
17	17
18		-(% class="wikigeneratedid" %)
19		-The packages you need are [[krb5-kdc-ldap>>url:https://packages.debian.org/krb5-kdc-ldap]], [[krb5-admin-server>>url:https://packages.debian.org/krb5-admin-server]] for the actual KDC and [[schema2ldif>>url:https://packages.debian.org/schema2ldif]]  plus [[slapd>>https://packages.debian.org/search?keywords=slapd]] for adding the schema and ##slappasswd##. They are to be installed on your designated Debian host.
	14	+adding new entry "cn=kerberos,cn=schema,cn=config"
20	20
21		-(% style="color:#400" %)
22		-##{{{$ sudo apt install krb5-kdc-ldap krb5-admin-server schema2ldif}}}##
	16	+}}}
23	23
24	24
25		-=== Load ##kerberos LDAP## schema: ===
	19	+And add an index on the ##krbPrincipalName## (improves performance and also suppresses some log messages if ##slapd## is configured to log more than default) for the database(s) where you intend to store Kerberos data:
26	26
27		-Now you need to load the kerberos schema into the LDAP server on the Synology. And here you need to use the ##cn=config## DN.
	21	+{{{# ldapmodify -H ldap:~/~/nas.fqhn <<EOF
28	28
29		-(% style="color:#400" %)
30		-##{{{$ zcat /usr/share/doc/krb5-kdc-ldap/kerberos.openldap.ldif.gz | ldapadd -H ldaps://nas.example.com/ -D cn=config -W}}}##
31		-##{{{Enter LDAP Password:}}}##
32		-##{{{adding new entry "cn=kerberos,cn=schema,cn=config"}}}##
33		-##{{{$}}}##
	23	+dn: olcDatabase={1}bdb,cn=config
34	34
	25	+add: olcDbIndex
35	35
36		-=== Create Index on krbPrincipalName: ===
	27	+olcDbIndex: krbPrincipalName eq,pres,sub
37	37
38		-Having an index on the ##krbPrincipalName## improves performance and also suppresses some log messages if ##slapd## is configured to log more than default for the database(s) where you intend to store Kerberos data. As this is OpenLDAP on the Synology, it does not use ##mdb## format, it uses ##bdb##. If you install ##slapd## on Debian, it uses ##mdb## format. It is different database format, but the principle is the same. Again, as you are modifying config, the DN is ##cn=config##. Interestingly, it is still the main password you set for the Synology LDAP server.
39		-
40		-(% style="color:#400" %)
41		-##{{{$ ldapmodify -H ldaps://nas.example.com/ -D cn=config -W <<EOF}}}##
42		-##{{{dn: olcDatabase={1}bdb,cn=config}}}##
43		-##{{{add: olcDbIndex}}}##
44		-##{{{olcDbIndex: krbPrincipalName eq,pres,sub}}}##
45		-##{{{EOF}}}##
46		-##{{{Enter LDAP Password:}}}##
47		-##{{{modifying entry "olcDatabase={1}bdb,cn=config"}}}##
48		-##{{{$}}}##
49		-
50		-
51		-=== Create principals kadmin and kdc: ===
52		-
53		-Next, you create and configure two entries which will be used by the Kerberos servers to connect to OpenLDAP. As you will not run the Kerberos KDC and Admin Server on the same host as OpenLDAP, these steps are required. In order to keep things nicely separated, everything will be created under a separate ##organizationalUnit##. I diverge from the official Debian guide here as I do not agree with the DN they use. I also had to make changes to the DNs of ##kdc## and ##kadmin## due to ##pwdPolicy## applied by Synology to their LDAP server. The official guide will have you use placeholder passwords and that does not work with the Synology LDAP server. You need to generate them upfront with ##slappasswd -h {SSHA}##.
54		-
55		-(% style="color:#400" %)
56		-##{{{$ ldapadd -H ldap://nas.example.com/ -D uid=root,cn=users,dc=example,dc=com -W <<EOF}}}##
57		-##{{{dn: ou=kerberos,dc=example,dc=com}}}##
58		-##{{{objectClass: organizationalUnit}}}##
59		-##{{{objectClass: top}}}##
60		-##{{{ou: kerberos}}}##
61		-
62		-(% style="color:#400" %)
63		-##{{{dn: cn=kdc,ou=kerberos,dc=example,dc=com}}}##
64		-##{{{cn: kdc}}}##
65		-##{{{sn: kdc}}}##
66		-##{{{objectClass: person}}}##
67		-##{{{objectClass: pwdPolicy}}}##
68		-##{{{pwdAttribute: userPassword}}}##
69		-##{{{pwdMinLength: 8}}}##
70		-##{{{pwdCheckQuality: 2}}}##
71		-##{{{pwdPolicySubentry: cn=kdc,ou=kerberos,dc=example,dc=com}}}##
72		-##{{{userPassword: {SSHA}<password-hash>}}}##
73		-##{{{description: Kerberos KDC Account}}}##
74		-
75		-(% style="color:#400" %)
76		-##{{{dn: cn=kadmin,ou=kerberos,dc=example,dc=com}}}##
77		-##{{{cn: kadmin}}}##
78		-##{{{sn: kadmin}}}##
79		-##{{{objectClass: person}}}##
80		-##{{{objectClass: pwdPolicy}}}##
81		-##{{{pwdAttribute: userPassword}}}##
82		-##{{{pwdMinLength: 8}}}##
83		-##{{{pwdCheckQuality: 2}}}##
84		-##{{{pwdPolicySubentry: cn=kadmin,ou=kerberos,dc=example,dc=com}}}##
85		-##{{{userPassword: {SSHA}<password-hash>}}}##
86		-##{{{description: Kerberos KDC Account}}}##
87		-##{{{EOF}}}##
88		-##{{{Enter LDAP Password:}}}##
89		-
90		-(% style="color:#400" %)
91		-##{{{adding new entry "ou=kerberos,dc=example,dc=com"}}}##
92		-
93		-(% style="color:#400" %)
94		-##{{{adding new entry "cn=kdc,ou=kerberos,dc=example,dc=com"}}}##
95		-
96		-(% style="color:#400" %)
97		-##{{{adding new entry "cn=kadmin,ou=kerberos,dc=example,dc=com"}}}##
98		-
99		-
100		-Synology LDAP server did not like adding users with placeholder passwords, because Synology puts in place password policies. Hence changing this to a ##cn## instead of a ##uid##. It seems to have worked out fine as my KDC is fully functioning.
101		-
102		-
103		-=== Grant kdc and kadmin permissions: ===
104		-
105		-This switches back to the ##cn=config## DN as you are changing the permissions.
106		-
107		-$ ldapmodify -H ldaps:~/~/ds723.trudheim.com -W -D cn=config <<EOF
108		-
109		-dn: olcDatabase={1}bdb,cn=config
110		-add: olcAccess
111		-olcAccess: {0}to attrs=krbPrincipalKey
112		- by anonymous auth
113		- by dn.exact="cn=kdc,ou=kerberos,dc=trudheim,dc=com" write
114		- by dn.exact="cn=kadmin,ou=kerberos,dc=trudheim,dc=com" write
115		- by self write
116		- by * none
117		--
118		-add: olcAccess
119		-olcAccess: {1}to dn.subtree="cn=krbContainer,ou=kerberos,dc=example,dc=com"
120		- by dn.exact="cn=kdc,ou=kerberos,dc=trudheim,dc=com" write
121		- by dn.exact="cn=kadmin,ou=kerberos,dc=trudheim,dc=com" write
122		- by * none
123		-
124	124	EOF
125	125
126		-Enter LDAP Password:
127	127	modifying entry "olcDatabase={1}bdb,cn=config"
128	128
129		-$
	33	+}}}
130	130
131	131
132		-Note that we now reference our kdc and kadmin accounts and we grant them permission to the krbContainer which will house all our kerberos principals. Give both of them write access, because we do want to have the ability to track last login and lock accounts if there are login failures. We like security.
	36	+Next, you need to create and configure two entries which will be used by the Kerberos servers to connect to OpenLDAP. If you are running Kerberos and OpenLDAP on the same system, these steps are optional, but recommended. In order to keep things nicely separated, everything will be created under a separate ##organizationalUnit##. Note that a simple bind (##-x -D##) is used instead of an ##EXTERNAL## bind since write access to the dc=example,dc=com DIT is necessary:
133	133
134	134
135		-=== Create krb5.conf: ===
	39	+{{{# ldapadd -x -D cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com -W <<EOF
	40	+dn: ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com
	41	+objectClass: organizationalUnit
	42	+objectClass: top
	43	+ou: Services
136	136
137		-Over to adjusting /etc/krb5.conf so that it will point to the right thing later. It should look something like this:
	45	+dn: ou=kerberos,ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com
	46	+objectClass: organizationalUnit
	47	+objectClass: top
	48	+ou: kerberos
138	138
	50	+dn: uid=kdc,ou=kerberos,ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com
	51	+uid: kdc
	52	+objectClass: account
	53	+objectClass: simpleSecurityObject
	54	+userPassword: {CRYPT}x
	55	+description: Kerberos KDC Account
139	139
140		-{{{[libdefaults]
141		- default_realm = EXAMPLE.COM
142		- dns_lookup_realm = false
143		- dns_lookup_kdc = false
144		- ticket_lifetime = 24h
145		- forwardable = true
146		- proxiable = true
147		- rdns = false
	57	+dn: uid=kadmin,ou=kerberos,ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com
	58	+uid: kadmin
	59	+objectClass: account
	60	+objectClass: simpleSecurityObject
	61	+userPassword: {CRYPT}x
	62	+description: Kerberos Admin Server Account
	63	+EOF
	64	+Enter LDAP Password: SECRET
148	148
149		-[realms]
150		- EXAMPLE.COM = {
151		- kdc = debian.example.com
152		- admin_server = debian.example.com
153		- default_domain = example.com
154		- }
155		- [domain_realm]
156		- .example.com = EXAMPLE.COM
157		- example.com = EXAMPLE.COM}}}
	66	+adding new entry "ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com"
158	158
159		-Make sure your designated debian server have ports 88, 464 and 749 open, both for TCP and UDP, in its firewall. 88 is for the kdc, 464 and 749 is for kadmin.
	68	+adding new entry "ou=kerberos,ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com"
160	160
	70	+adding new entry "uid=kdc,ou=kerberos,ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com"
161	161
162		-=== Create kdc.conf: ===
	72	+adding new entry "uid=kadmin,ou=kerberos,ou=Services,dc=example,dc=com"}}}
163	163
164		-Next, we need to write up /etc/krb5kdc/kdc.conf. Something like this should work
165	165
166		-
167		-[libdefaults]
168		-
169		-[realms]
170		- TRUDHEIM.COM = {
171		- database_module = openldap_ldapconf
172		- max_life = 7d
173		- max_renewable_life = 6d
174		- }
175		-
176		-[dbdefaults]
177		- ldap_kerberos_container_dn = cn=krbContainer,ou=kerberos,dc=trudheim,dc=com
178		-
179		-[dbmodules]
180		- openldap_ldapconf = {
181		- db_library = kldap
182		- disable_last_success = false
183		- disable_lockout = false
184		- ldap_conns_per_server = 5
185		- ldap_servers = ldaps:~/~/ds723.trudheim.com
186		- ldap_kdc_dn = "cn=kdc,ou=kerberos,dc=trudheim,dc=com"
187		- ldap_kadmind_dn = "cn=kadmin,ou=kerberos,dc=trudheim,dc=com"
188		- ldap_service_password_file = /etc/krb5kdc/service.keyfile
189		- }
190		-
191		-
192		-=== Create kadm5.acl: ===
193		-
194		-Then you need to create ##/etc/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl and put in it##
195		-
196		-##*/admin@EXAMPLE.COM *##
197		-
198		-
199		-so that administrator principals can run kadmin. Now we are ready to create the domain. And that we do with
200		-
201		-
202		-=== Create the kerberos domain: ===
203		-
204		-#
205		-
206		-kdb5_ldap_util -D uid=root,cn=users,dc=trudheim,dc=com -H ldaps:~/~/ds723.trudheim.com -r TRUDHEIM.COM create -subtrees dc=trudheim,dc=com -maxtktlife '7 Days' -maxrenewlife '6 Days' -s
207		-Password for "uid=root,cn=users,dc=trudheim,dc=com":
208		-Initializing database for realm 'TRUDHEIM.COM'
209		-You will be prompted for the database Master Password.
210		-It is important that you NOT FORGET this password.
211		-Enter KDC database master key:
212		-Re-enter KDC database master key to verify:
213		-
214		-kdb5_ldap_util -D uid=root,cn=users,dc=trudheim,dc=com -H ldaps:~/~/ds723.trudheim.com stashsrvpw -f /etc/krb5kdc/service.keyfile cn=kdc,ou=kerberos,dc=trudheim,dc=com
215		-Password for "uid=root,cn=users,dc=trudheim,dc=com":
216		-Password for "cn=kdc,ou=kerberos,dc=trudheim,dc=com":
217		-Re-enter password for "cn=kdc,ou=kerberos,dc=trudheim,dc=com":
218		-
219		-kdb5_ldap_util -D uid=root,cn=users,dc=trudheim,dc=com -H ldaps:~/~/ds723.trudheim.com stashsrvpw -f /etc/krb5kdc/service.keyfile cn=kadmin,ou=kerberos,dc=trudheim,dc=com
220		-Password for "uid=root,cn=users,dc=trudheim,dc=com":
221		-Password for "cn=kadmin,ou=kerberos,dc=trudheim,dc=com":
222		-Re-enter password for "cn=kadmin,ou=kerberos,dc=trudheim,dc=com":
223		-
224		-
225		-=== Create the first principals: ===
226		-
227	227